Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Causes and Treatments

Diabetes, if not managed properly, can cause many health issues. One serious complication is a diabetic foot ulcer. When blood sugar stays high for a long time, it damages blood vessels and nerves. This damage, called neuropathy, reduces the ability to feel pain or injuries in the feet. Because of this, even small cuts or blisters can go unnoticed and later turn into infections or ulcers.

What is a Diabetic Foot Ulcer?

A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore or wound that usually develops on the bottom of the foot. It is painful and can be dangerous if not treated in time. Untreated ulcers may lead to severe infections, gangrene, or even amputation. That’s why early care and prevention are very important.

Causes of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

• High blood sugar: Makes wounds heal slowly and increases infection risk.
  
  

• Peripheral neuropathy: Loss of sensation causes injuries to go unnoticed.
  
  

• Poor circulation: Narrow blood vessels reduce blood flow, slowing healing.
  
  

• Foot deformities: Conditions like bunions or hammertoes create pressure points.
  
  

• Improper foot care: Wearing tight shoes, ignoring hygiene, or not checking feet daily.

Treatments for Diabetic Foot Ulcer

1. Control blood sugar – Helps nerves and blood vessels stay healthy.
   
   

2. Wound care – Cleaning, dressing, and removing dead tissue.
   
   

3. Antibiotics – For infections.
   
   

4. Offloading – Special shoes, casts, or braces reduce pressure on wounds.
   
   

5. Surgery – Correct deformities or improve circulation.
   
   

6. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) – Increases oxygen to tissues, speeds healing.
   
   

7. Patient education – Regular foot care, proper footwear, and daily checks.

Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

• Get regular check-ups with your doctor.
  
  

• Wear comfortable, well-fitted shoes.
  
  

• Wash and inspect your feet daily.
  
  

• Keep blood sugar under control.

A diabetic foot ulcer is serious but can be prevented and treated. Good blood sugar management, foot hygiene, and timely medical care are key to protecting your feet and overall health.

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